Design Tic-Tac-Toe

Design a Tic-tac-toe game that is played between two players on a n x n grid.

You may assume the following rules:

A move is guaranteed to be valid and is placed on an empty block.

Once a winning condition is reached, no more moves is allowed.

A player who succeeds in placing n of their marks in a horizontal, vertical, or diagonal row wins the game.

Example:

Given n = 3, assume that player 1 is "X" and player 2 is "O" in the board.

TicTacToe toe = new TicTacToe(3);

toe.move(0, 0, 1); -> Returns 0 (no one wins)
|X| | |
| | | |    // Player 1 makes a move at (0, 0).
| | | |

toe.move(0, 2, 2); -> Returns 0 (no one wins)
|X| |O|
| | | |    // Player 2 makes a move at (0, 2).
| | | |

toe.move(2, 2, 1); -> Returns 0 (no one wins)
|X| |O|
| | | |    // Player 1 makes a move at (2, 2).
| | |X|

toe.move(1, 1, 2); -> Returns 0 (no one wins)
|X| |O|
| |O| |    // Player 2 makes a move at (1, 1).
| | |X|

toe.move(2, 0, 1); -> Returns 0 (no one wins)
|X| |O|
| |O| |    // Player 1 makes a move at (2, 0).
|X| |X|

toe.move(1, 0, 2); -> Returns 0 (no one wins)
|X| |O|
|O|O| |    // Player 2 makes a move at (1, 0).
|X| |X|

toe.move(2, 1, 1); -> Returns 1 (player 1 wins)
|X| |O|
|O|O| |    // Player 1 makes a move at (2, 1).
|X|X|X|

Follow up: Could you do better than O(n2) per move() operation?

Hint:

Could you trade extra space such that move() operation can be done in O(1)? You need two arrays: int rows[n], int cols[n], plus two variables: diagonal, anti_diagonal.

Tips:

O(1) Time, O(n) extra space. 把player订成1和-1； 建立rows[n]和cols[n]数组和变量diagonal, anti_diagonal来记录这一行/列/对角线的情况。

当有行/列/对角线/反对角线的绝对值达到size的时候，就返回当前player，不然返回0。

The key observation is that in order to win Tic-Tac-Toe you must have the entire row or column. Thus, we don't need to keep track of an entire n^2 board. We only need to keep a count for each row and column. If at any time a row or column matches the size of the board then that player has won.

To keep track of which player, I add one for Player1 and -1 for Player2. There are two additional variables to keep track of the count of the diagonals. Each time a player places a piece we just need to check the count of that row, column, diagonal and anti-diagonal.

Code:

public class TicTacToe {
    private int[] rows;
    private int[] cols;
    private int diagonal;
    private int antiDiagonal;
    /** Initialize your data structure here. */
    public TicTacToe(int n) {
        rows = new int[n];
        cols = new int[n];
    }

    /** Player {player} makes a move at ({row}, {col}).
        @param row The row of the board.
        @param col The column of the board.
        @param player The player, can be either 1 or 2.
        @return The current winning condition, can be either:
                0: No one wins.
                1: Player 1 wins.
                2: Player 2 wins. */
    public int move(int row, int col, int player) {
        int toAdd = player == 1 ? 1 : -1;
        rows[row] += toAdd;
        cols[col] += toAdd;
        if (row == col) {
            diagonal += toAdd;
        }
        if (row + col == rows.length + 1) {
            antiDiagonal += toAdd;
        }
        int size = rows.length;
        if (Math.abs(rows[row]) == size || 
            Math.abs(cols[col]) == size ||
            Math.abs(diagonal) == size ||
            Math.abs(antiDiagonal) == size) {
                return player;
            }
        return 0;
    }
}

/**
 * Your TicTacToe object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * TicTacToe obj = new TicTacToe(n);
 * int param_1 = obj.move(row,col,player);
 */